10 Skills Backend Developers Should Master in 2022

Software development companies are in high demand for back-end developers. However, this job requires a lot more knowledge and experience than often. Inexperience and basic backend developer skills are the main reasons for failed developer interviews.

Therefore, a qualified backend developer needs these solid foundations. Let's take a look with Qianfeng Guangzhou Xiaobian.

Fundamentals of Computer Science and the Internet

A basic understanding of computer science is a vital skill for any backend developer. Without it, your chances of developing a good application are very low.

Just like an electrician must be proficient with electricity and electrical equipment, a backend developer must understand how the internet and computers work. HTTP, browsers, hosting, DNS, operating systems, etc. If you want to be a good software developer, you should know all these.

Knowing the basics of the front end is also a necessary skill. This includes knowledge of HTML, CSS and scripting.

Programming language

As a backend developer, you should focus all your energy on improving your primary programming language skills. You should be proficient in language syntax and basic constructs, understand the logic behind the language, and know how to apply design patterns, algorithms, and data structures.

As for the choice of a specific language, it can be based on the company's requirements, and different companies require different programming language knowledge.

However, the best backend languages ​​for 2022 are PHP, C#, Rust, Go, Python, Ruby, and Java.

However, it's not about what languages ​​you code in, it's about how proficient you can be in those languages.

backend framework

If you feel confident in your programming language skills, make sure to strengthen your backend developer skills in different frameworks. In the application development process, the framework will be an irreplaceable tool. Here are the most used frameworks for backend development in 2022:

Laravel – PHP

ExpressJs - NodeJS

Django – Python

Ruby on Rails – Ruby

Spring – Java

version control system

A Version Control System (VCS) is software that provides opportunities for teamwork on one or more projects. Development teams interact with console or browser-based tools to upload code to servers, download them to work computers, and modify structures.

Working in a company as a backend developer requires understanding different version control systems. Not only do you need to know what Git is, but you also need to know how to use it.

As a backend engineer, you need to be able to create local and remote repositories, see who made what changes when and where, create new branches of a project, merge existing branches, set access controls, rollback to previous versions, etc. Wait.

This is an essential skill to have when working in a company as you will be working in a team which will make project work easier.

The most common VCS are Github, GitLab, Gitee.

use database

99% of applications use databases to ensure that we save and retrieve important data.

You need to know how databases work at least at a basic level: what are they, how to use them, what tables are they, how do they work, how to send queries to the database, receive queries, change data in the database, how Correct sorting, even building a proper database, etc.

The task of the backend developer is to properly collect this data from all sources and present it to the frontend department so that the user can see his profile.

For backend developers, it all boils down to the main relational databases: PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQL Server, Oracle, MariaDB.

APIs

Understanding how servers and the internet work, APIs, and RESTful principles is a must-have for backend developers.

To manage resources in an application, you need to implement an application layer that receives requests and generates responses. Here, you will have to work with routes and controllers, know how to call APIs from third-party applications, and manipulate, test, and manage API versions.

architectural pattern

In software engineering, it is important that the product not only works well, but also is well designed.

Backend developers should understand common application design mistakes, what they cause, and how to avoid them.

As the Internet continues to evolve and the number of applications continues to grow, companies may require knowledge of different types of architectures. Also, you should have a clear understanding of the underlying ideas of different design principles.

Design principles are a specific set of rules and recommendations that must be followed when writing clear and readable program code.

test

Software should always be tested before it is released. Testing allows us to ensure that the software meets the necessary requirements with as few errors as possible.

While this is another profession and most companies hire dedicated testers for this position, backend developers must also understand the basic concepts of testing.

After writing the code, back-end developers have to check for errors and inconsistencies in different scenarios, a process that varies from company to company.

Make sure you know how to test the software on a real project with some kind of business logic, 3rd party APIs, various databases and external dependencies.

cloud platform

Today, cloud technology is soaring. They give web applications the functionality they need and make it easier to support them.

Many companies require experience working with cloud technologies to secure backend developer positions.

Today, companies need back-end developers for two main cloud integration models. The first involves the integration of applications and software at the service level (SaaS), and the other at the infrastructure level (IaaS) using an intermediary called a cloud broker.

IaaS involves the integration of software from third-party providers or a company's own software resources, while SaaS involves a kind of virtualization of any cloud resource and eliminates the need to rely on a specific provider.

CI/CD and DevOps

From a technical perspective, the goal of CI is to provide a consistent and automated way to build, package, and test applications.

CI/CD is one of the most popular software development methods. With the advancement of cloud technology, CI/CD is integrated into the development process of many software companies. Today, the ability to quickly coordinate and implement changes during application development is a necessity for any developer. In a competitive environment, this approach greatly reduces the time from code development to product release.

Today, this concept is an indispensable practice for software development companies.

Therefore, any developer needs to know the basics of CI/CD:

Software Development Lifecycle – Build, Code, Plan, Monitor, Operate, Deploy, Release, Test

How different teams work together

What methods and tools are used for this - Gitlab, Docker, Jenkins, Buddy, SonarQube.

Summarize

Becoming a backend developer and getting your first job is a long and challenging process. It requires theoretical and practical skills in different technologies. Since each company may have its own requirements for developers, it is not possible to have a specific development plan.

However, these general skills are the bare minimum we should have to pass interviews and grow as experts at a software development company.